The Effectiveness of Enhanced Primary Healthcare (EnPHC) interventions on Type 2 diabetes management in Malaysia: Difference-in-differences (DID) analysis
Husin, M., Teh, X. R., Ong, S. M. , Lim, Y. M. F., Ang, S. H., Chan, C. L., Lim, M. T., Shanmugam, S., Khamis, N., Jaafar, F. S. A., Ibrahim, N. I., Nasir, N. H., Kusuma, D. ORCID: 0000-0002-1909-9341, Wagner, A. K., Ross-Degnan, D., Atun, R. & Sivasampu, S. (2023). The Effectiveness of Enhanced Primary Healthcare (EnPHC) interventions on Type 2 diabetes management in Malaysia: Difference-in-differences (DID) analysis. Primary Care Diabetes, 17(3), pp. 260-266. doi: 10.1016/j.pcd.2023.03.003
Abstract
Aims
To evaluate the effectiveness of the Enhanced Primary Healthcare (EnPHC) interventions on process of care and intermediate clinical outcomes among type 2 diabetes patients.
Methods
This was a quasi-experimental controlled study conducted in 20 intervention and 20 control public primary care clinics in Malaysia from November 2016 to June 2019. Type 2 diabetes patients aged 30 years and above were selected via systematic random sampling. Outcomes include process of care and intermediate clinical outcomes. Difference-in-differences analyses was conducted.
Results
We reviewed 12,017 medical records of patients with type 2 diabetes. Seven process of care measures improved: HbA1c tests (odds ratio (OR) 3.31, 95% CI 2.13, 5.13); lipid test (OR 4.59, 95% CI 2.64, 7.97), LDL (OR 4.33, 95% CI 2.16, 8.70), and urine albumin (OR 1.99, 95% CI 1.12, 3.55) tests; BMI measured (OR 15.80, 95% CI 4.78, 52.24); cardiovascular risk assessment (OR 174.65, 95% CI 16.84, 1810.80); and exercise counselling (OR 1.18, 95% CI 1.04, 1.33). We found no statistically significant changes in intermediate clinical outcomes (i.e. HbA1c, LDL, HDL and BP control).
Conclusions
EnPHC interventions was successful in enhancing the quality of care, in terms of process of care, by changing healthcare providers behaviour.
Publication Type: | Article |
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Additional Information: | © 2023. This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ |
Publisher Keywords: | Type 2 diabetes, Primary health care, Multifaceted intervention, Intermediate clinical outcomes, Process of care, Difference-in-difference |
Subjects: | R Medicine > RA Public aspects of medicine > RA0421 Public health. Hygiene. Preventive Medicine R Medicine > RC Internal medicine |
Departments: | School of Health & Psychological Sciences > Healthcare Services Research & Management |
SWORD Depositor: |
Available under License Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial No Derivatives.
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