City Research Online

Abstract

The placement of offshore energy production units and structures (such as pipelines) will invariably come within the scope of any prevailing marine spatial planning (MSP) regime. There is increasing reliance on AI to ensure precision in placement. The data generated in many instances would be adopted by the authorities in implementing any applicable marine spatial plan. However, where there are many competing socio-economic and legal interests in the marine space, the use of AI by offshore energy corporates might well produce bias, whether intentional or not. This work maps out the risks of bias in this offshore energy and MSP context. It asks whether a liability system scheme like the EU AI Law could work. It concludes with thoughts on how, from a legal and regulatory perspective, spatial data sharing and AI used in an MSP context for offshore energy could be improved.

Publication Type:	Article
Additional Information:	© The Author(s) 2026. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the AIEN. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial reproduction and distribution of the work, in any medium, provided the original work is not altered or transformed in any way, and that the work is properly cited.
Subjects:	K Law > K Law (General)
Departments:	The City Law School The City Law School > Academic Programmes
Related URLs:	Author
SWORD Depositor:	Symplectic Administrator

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