City Research Online

Abstract

Democratic backsliding is on the rise globally, prompting renewed attention to the strategies through which democracies resist authoritarian encroachments. One form of resistance involves the transition of protest movements into the electoral arena, in the form of so-called “movement parties.” While widely studied in Western Europe, this new party form has received little attention in Eastern European countries where governing elites are fundamentally undermining democracy. This article investigates two movement parties that have emerged in Central and Eastern European countries experiencing democratic backsliding – Momentum in Hungary and USR in Romania – and their impact on the quality of democracy. Focusing on their interaction with media institutions – key arenas both for contesting and enabling democratic erosion – the study draws on semi-structured interviews with party representatives and journalists, party materials and press coverage. The findings show that both parties challenged entrenched elites and introduced new ethical standards, yet their ability to institutionalize democratic gains and counter democratic erosion has been severely limited by media capture and persistent power asymmetries. By analysing the interplay between movement parties and traditional media institutions, the article offers new insights into the constraints and possibilities for democratic innovation under hybrid and democratically declining regimes.

Publication Type:	Article
Additional Information:	© 2026 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The terms on which this article has been published allow the posting of the Accepted Manuscript in a repository by the author(s) or with their consent.
Publisher Keywords:	Movement parties, democratic back sliding, quality of democracy, media capture, Romania, Hungary
Subjects:	J Political Science > JA Political science (General)
Departments:	School of Policy & Global Affairs School of Policy & Global Affairs > Department of Sociology & Criminology
SWORD Depositor:	Symplectic Administrator

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