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Rule vs. SHAP: Complementary Tools for Understanding and Verifying ML Models

Kathirgamanathan, B., Andrienko, G. ORCID: 0000-0002-8574-6295 & Andrienko, N. ORCID: 0000-0003-3313-1560 (2026). Rule vs. SHAP: Complementary Tools for Understanding and Verifying ML Models. In: Koprinska, I., Mendes-Moreira, J. & Branco, P. (Eds.), Machine Learning and Principles and Practice of Knowledge Discovery in Databases. International Workshops of ECML PKDD 2025, 15-19 Sep 2025, Porto, Portugal. doi: 10.1007/978-3-032-19105-2_39

Abstract

Traditional interpretability techniques such as rule-based models and feature attribution methods, each offer complementary strengths, however are often applied in isolation. Rule-based approaches are intuitive and logically structured, making them easy to understand, but they often struggle to scale effectively. On the other hand, feature attribution techniques like SHAP are well-suited to handling complex models and large datasets but can fall short in terms of interpretability and alignment with human reasoning. In this paper, we introduce a hybrid, human-centric interpretability framework that integraes rule-based modelling with SHAP-based feature attributions within a visual analytics framework and show the benefits for interpretability and interactivity through such techniques. We validate the framework on a case-study of Fishing-vessel trajectories and demonstrate how this integrated approach reveals patterns and discrepancies that would not have been seen using a single approach alone.

Publication Type: Conference or Workshop Item (Paper)
Additional Information: This version of the contribution has been accepted for publication, after peer review but is not the Version of Record and does not reflect post-acceptance improvements, or any corrections. The Version of Record is available online at: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-19105-2_39. Use of this Accepted Version is subject to the publisher’s Accepted Manuscript terms of use https://www.springernature.com/gp/open-research/policies/accepted-manuscript-terms
Publisher Keywords: Explainable AI, Visual Analytics, Rule-based, featurebased, interpretability
Subjects: H Social Sciences > HN Social history and conditions. Social problems. Social reform
Q Science > QA Mathematics > QA75 Electronic computers. Computer science
Departments: School of Science & Technology
School of Science & Technology > Department of Computer Science
School of Science & Technology > Department of Computer Science > giCentre
SWORD Depositor:
[thumbnail of XKDD25__Rule_vs__SHAP__Complementary_Tools_for_Understanding_and_Verifying_ML_Models.pdf] Text - Accepted Version
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