City Research Online

Abstract

The rapid growth of tourism in Indonesia has driven extensive development projects aimed at utilizing the country’s natural and cultural resources. However, these developments are often associated with weak compliance and enforcement of spatial planning regulations, raising concerns about their broader social impacts. This paper examines how state actions or omissions in spatial planning governance may lead to adverse human rights impacts. Focusing on local communities and indigenous peoples as rights holders, this study analyzes the effects of tourism development on the right to adequate housing, livelihood, a healthy environment, and indigenous rights to land and culture. Using selected case studies from Indonesia, the paper demonstrates that governance failures in spatial planning can contribute to displacement, environmental degradation, and disruption of traditional livelihoods. It argues for a rights-based approach to spatial planning that strengthens accountability, participation, and protection of affected communities in tourism development.

Publication Type:	Article
Additional Information:	Copyright (c) 2026 I Gusti Ngurah Parikesit Widiatedja, Eraj Haidari, I Made Budi Arsika. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Publisher Keywords:	Spatial Planning Governance, Tourism Development, Human Rights Impacts, Indigenous Peoples, Indonesia
Subjects:	K Law > K Law (General)
Departments:	The City Law School The City Law School > Academic Programmes
SWORD Depositor:	Symplectic Administrator

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