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Walsh, T. S., Parker, R. A., Aitken, L. M. ORCID: 0000-0001-5722-9090 , McKenzie, C. A., Emerson, L. ORCID: 0000-0002-4250-5758, Boyd, J., Macdonald, A., Beveridge, G., Giddings, A., Hope, D., Irvine, S., Tuck, S., Lone, N. I., Kydonaki, K., Norrie, J., Brealey, D., Antcliffe, D., Reay, M., Williams, A., Bewley, J., Creagh-Brown, B., McAuley, D. F., Dark, P., Wise, M. P., Gordon, A. C., Perkins, G. D., Reade, M. C., Blackwood, B., MacLullich, A., Glen, R., Page, V. J., Weir, C. J., Pattison, N., Williams, B., Rose, L., Mouncey, P., Prowle, J., Wellsted, D., Walsh, T., Brett, S., Charles, H., Weir, C., Norrie, J., Bion, J., McLennan, G., Stevenson, M., Nichol, A., Walsh, T., Amamio, M., Barclay, L., Birch, S., Briton, K., Clark, S., Crossan, J., Doverman, K., Hope, D., Macdonald, L., McCulloch, C., Rae, N., Simpson, S., Singleton, J., Wishart, M., Thompson, R., Aitken, N., Fairlie, R., Salim, N., Talbot, S., Ackroyd, S., Alicino, V., Allan, E., Anderson, T., Andrew, R., Baigey, A., Baillie, K., Barnetson, C., Begbie, R., Biggers, R., Blaney, M., Broom, R., Birrell, D., Calkin, W., Chuavilong, K., Cowden, R., Cox, T., Darjee, C., Davies, S., Docherty, A., Dornan, L., Dunn, M., Edwardson, S., Gillespie, R., Greenwood, J., Griffith, D., Hay, A., Hu, A., Hunter, A., Jones, K., Jordan, H., Joseph, A., Kefala, K., Kelly, S., Kemp, L., Kubanova, B., Leng, V., Livesey, J., Lone, N., Lyon, J., Mansfield, O., McAvoy, D., McClatchey, A., Miller, J., Mirchandani, A., Moffitt, P., Morrison, S., Muir, A., Nunn, K., Ochiltree, J., Ogden, E., Parks, M., Pass, M., Penrose, R., Putnam, H., Quinn, T., Rhodes, J., Rollings, A., Ross, S., Shackleton, R., Shankar, M., Sharma, S., Slessor, I., Slevin, Z., Stickle, D., Symons, L., Walker, F., Walls, L., Whiteford, I., Yong, S. Y., Young, N., Rooney, K., Kinsella, M., Digby, B., Brett, M., McConnell, P., Henderson, M., Sundaram, R., Gemmell, L., Christie, F., Henderson, P., MacGregor, F., Henderson, S., Rodden, N., Fallon, K., Abel, L., McLaren, B., Hughes, E., McGlynn, D., Thomson, N., Walker, L., Currie, S., Parker, N., Gillan, D., Brohi, F., Purvis, S., Clark, M., Race, P., Williams, L., Shahin, A., Nworah, E., Gui, J., Cheng, L-C., Stewart, K., Cusack, R., Tomlin, M., Bolger, C., Burnish, R., Jackson, S., Baker, A., Biss, J., Salmon, K., Carter, M., McKenzie, C., Elsheikh, R., Harrison, M. A., Thomas, C., Ward, J., Cumpstey, A., Dushianthan, A., Kemp, I., Page, V., Zhao, X., Nordin, N., Hegazy, A., Hoxha, E., Hardaker, O., Ede, C., Kotrikova, N., Devaraja, A., Stambach, T., Mukherjee, P., Guanco, M. L., Wise, M. P., Cole, J., Hill, H., Brooks, J., Davies, M., Davies, R., Thomas, E., Williams, A., Lodhi, L., Morgan, M. P. G., Ridler, S., Smith, C., Faulkner, M., Ivison, A., McKay, L., Jeffrey, H., Price, J., Slater, L., Davies, A., Hughes, E., Thomas, M., Janssen, D., Thomas, I., Crewdson, K., Newell, C., Hirst, R., West, S., Skorko, A., Gendall, E., Worner, R., Faulkner, B., Borislavova, B., Hayes, K., Parsons, A., Goff, E., Sowersby, J., Wood, A., Oglesby, K., Sanusi, I., Pope, C., Baird, A., Blackmore, H., Healey, R., Hopkins, P., Corcoran, E., Selman, G., Finney, C., Pappa, E., Smith, J., Clarey, E., Cockrell, M., Saha, S., Noble, H., O’Reilly, K., Depante, M., Broderick, A., Axalan, M. A., Vergara, B., Mehta, R., Reschrieter, H., Patch, S., Camsooksai, J., Jenkins, S., Pomichowska, M., Power, K., Briggs, S., Woodward, E., Loew, C., Bromilow, J., Keegan, J., Taylor, M., Langridge, E., Kulandhaisamy, D., Savage, S., de’Ath, Y., Humphrey, C., Roffe, S., Bayliss, M., Bartlett, L., Gordon-Williams, R., Tatham, K., Smith, S., Noris, I., Tahir, S., Yates, E., Patel, S., Westerman, T., Bakare, S., Furness, H., Hunt, E., Zadeh, R. S., Khan, M., Sherwood, W., Addari, C., Manex, R., Whitehead, N., Wilson, F., Edwards, L., Nalk, K., Biddle, S., Lant, S., Holden, F., Voralia, S., Ocean, N., Sahni, A., Srilastava, P., Iqbal, S., Tana, S., Raman, V. V., Webb, Z., Parker, L., Dela Rosa, A., Kadr, M., Harvey, E., Howle, R., Husain, A., Morley, O., Loftus, S., Hutchinson, J., Jhanji, S., Black, E., Parkinson, D., Raobaikady, R., Borthwick, M., James, C., Polley, G., Davidson, N., Beer, S., Hutton, P., Bashyal, A., Wilson, J., Mathew, S., Ryu, J., Cupitt, J., Hardy, G., Benham, L., Downes, R., Flint, N., Little, M., Pochiraju, R., Andreou, P., Hales, D., Hailstone, J., Mathews, M., Huntley, M., Stephenson, L., Hussey, J., Tan, H-E., Holbrook, S., Kemp, H., Earl, D., Innes, R., Plumb, B., Doble, P., Purnell, R., Thomas, A., Noor, M. H., Khaliq, W., Jennings, M., Rose, B. O., Reece-Anthony, R., Khatun, S., Dickinson, S., Clarke, J., Cox, C., Longley, A., Ali, T., Gurung, B., Moubarak, M., Williams, A., Ball, J., Leaver, S., Farnell-Ward, S., Thanasi, M., Dangol, S., Ventura, V., Valcher, M., Sicat, C., Yun, N., Kanu, R., Cordoba, M. M., Trinh, H., Lloyd, K., Saluzzio, R. P., Ding, L., Farrah, H., Fernandes, E., Nutt, C., Silversides, J., McAuley, D., McGuigan, P., Major, E., Lonsdale, E., Fundano, N., Ward, K., Turley, C., O’Neill, A., Finn, S., Green, J., Collins, E., McAuley, J., Mills, J., Wright, C., Growcott, M., McCullagh, I., Wright, S., Clement, I., Shelton, J., Faulds, M., Hellyer, T., Morton, H., Pollard, C., White, C., Dunn, L., Calder, V., Taylor, S., Garcia, P., Brown, B., Savage, J., Babio-Galan, M., Webster, K., Wilkinson, T., Gulati, A., Shrestha, T., Hays, C., Butler, L., Simoes, F., McNeil, M., Storey, I., Whiteley, S., Wilby, E., Trott, S., Watts, S., Mathew, S., Salada, S., Neep, A., Youngs, N., Howcroft, C., Powell, M., Adlam, M., Paramasivam, E., Friar, Z., Antcliffe, D., Gordon, A., Banach, D., Rojo, R., Arias, S. S., Fernandez de Pinedo Artaraz, Z., Coghlan, P., Mohammed, A., Jepson, E., Wong, J., Gurung, A. T., O’Dwyer, C., Perez Guillotin, S., Templeton, M., Hanison, J., Bannard-Smith, J., Conway, D., Abbas, S., Aly, M., Benington, S., Eng Hean, T., Hayley, D., McGuckin, E., Martin, A., Morris, T., Musselbrook, W., Narayan, B., Wright, T., Wheeler, C., Barker, M., Clark, R., Connaughton, E., Jama, R., Paripoorani, D., Quayle, R., Sukumaran, A., Taylor, C., Balmer, M., Lingeswaran, S., Edmunds, L., Wylie, K., Owen, A., Perkins, G., Munnelly, S., Park, D., Gresty, J., Reeves, E., Maliaykal, C., Melody, T., Preller, J., Polgarova, P., Bravoelvira, C., Teixeira, S., Varley, J., Hajela, S. S., Elston, K., Campbell, S., Keil, M., Elbehery, M., Marshall, J., Stevenson, S., Conway Morris, A., Gogineni Venkateskara, P., Reay, M., Reid, K., Brown, R., Amareihe, C., Yates, E., Luen Goh, J., Jones, E., Mughal, A., Brealey, D., MacCallum, N., Clark, S., Smyth, D., Bercades, G., Hass, I., Martir, G., Reyes, A., Martinez, M. A. Z., Gallagher, L., Yee Chung, C., Sanders, G., Chawla, V., Maheshwari, N., Glazebrook, T., Angel, H., Squires, R., Dolan, H., Donnelly, C., Mires, L., Musalagani, R., Williams, S., Heij, R., Young, P., Blunt, M., Wijewardena, G., Gibson, J., Joshy, A. M., Bewley, J., Rooney, K., Sweet, K., Wright, K., Grimmer, L., Webster, D., Bazan Lacerot, C., Shiel, R., Hernandez Morano, E. M., Coleman, C., Daniel, E., Komolafe, O., Bonnici, J., Pipira, L., Johnson, R., Chillingworth, A., Liang, Y-H., Efford, G., Kolovou, A., Davies, G., Garland, Z., Gumbrill, B., Collin, I., Gibbins, M., Brougham, T., Harvey, D., Phipps, W., Harrold, K., Plummer, N., Lowe, B., James, P., Ahmed, S., Ghosh, R., Mohamed, O., Santra, T., Shilston, J., Russell, A., Patel, V., Topiwala, U., Bello, H., Sampson, J., Ryan, L., Peters, C., Meredith, M., Conner (now Hughes), L., Morris, L., Clark, A., Baddeley, A., Mcloughlin, L., Walton, C., Joseph, T., Thomas, A., Lubbock, S., Ford, D., McCoy, A., N’Dungu, T., Welters, I., Sankar, V., Waite, A., Johnston, B., Shaw, D., Waugh, V., Williams, K., Lopez Martinez, M., Norris, M., Carlota Mahiya, M. A., Fernandez Roman, J., Yuan, J-X., Manes, S., Lythgoe, C., Almafreji, I., Colfar, J., Medhurst, L., Beresford, S., Farina, S., Imam, L., Ali, S., Thomas, Z., Bold, F., Hodson, K., Morenikeji, A., Watkin, D., Szakmany, T., Cardwell, A., Frawley, A., Ostermann, M., Radcliffe, G., Barrett, N., Sparkes, S., Woodman-Bailey, A., Kosifidou, E., Bociek, A., Hendrie, E., Lim, R., D’Amato, F., Fordyce, S., Cendreda, B., Morera Vas, K., Pan, J., Meddings, C., Milic, V., Barker, M., Owusu-Afriyie, J., Engelhard, C., Sim, M., Appleton, R., Ralston, M., Arnott, A., Orlikowska, I., Kennedy-Hay, S., Murray, C., Devine, M., Headley, P., McCaffrey, J., Donnelly, D., Young, R., Hagan, S., Adell, V., Murphy, E., Quek, J., Wilson, S., Jardine, C., Forrest, M., Collins, E., Ibrahim, M., Wheeley, M., Kodous, M., Blake, M., Lacey, V., Eager, M., Jootun, R. & Birch, J.view all authors (2025). Dexmedetomidine- or Clonidine-Based Sedation Compared With Propofol in Critically Ill Patients. JAMA, doi: 10.1001/jama.2025.7200

Salako, K. ORCID: 0000-0003-0394-7833 & Zhao, X. (2023). Demonstrating Software Reliability using Possibly Correlated Tests: Insights from a Conservative Bayesian Approach. Quality and Reliability Engineering International, 40(3), pp. 1197-1220. doi: 10.1002/qre.3460

Saincher, S., Sriram, V., Ravindar, R. , Yan, S. ORCID: 0000-0001-8968-6616, Stagonas, D., Schimmels, S., Xie, Z., Benoit, M., Benguigui, W., Teles, M., Robaux, F., Peyrard, C., Asiikkis, A., Frantzis, C., Vakis, A., Grigoriadis, D., Li, Q., Ma, Q. ORCID: 0000-0001-5579-6454, Zhang, N., Zheng, K., Zhao, X., Hu, X., Chen, S., Chen, S., Meng, Q., Zhao, W. & Wan, D.view all authors (2023). Comparative Study on Breaking Waves Interaction with Vertical Wall Retrofitted with Recurved Parapet in Small and Large Scale. International Journal of Offshore and Polar Engineering, 33(2), pp. 113-122. doi: 10.17736/ijope.2023.jc890

Salako, K. ORCID: 0000-0003-0394-7833 & Zhao, X. (2023). The Unnecessity of Assuming Statistically Independent Tests in Bayesian Software Reliability Assessments. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, 49(4), pp. 2829-2838. doi: 10.1109/TSE.2022.3233802

Zhao, X., Salako, K. ORCID: 0000-0003-0394-7833, Strigini, L. ORCID: 0000-0002-4246-2866 , Robu, V. & Flynn, D.view all authors (2020). Assessing Safety-Critical Systems from Operational Testing: A Study on Autonomous Vehicles. Information and Software Technology, 128, article number 106393. doi: 10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106393

Littlewood, B. ORCID: 0000-0002-6397-8685, Salako, K. ORCID: 0000-0003-0394-7833, Strigini, L. & Zhao, X.view all authors (2020). On Reliability Assessment When a Software-based System Is Replaced by a Thought-to-be-Better One. Reliability Engineering & System Safety, 197, article number 106752. doi: 10.1016/j.ress.2019.106752

Zhao, X. ORCID: 0000-0002-3474-349X, Littlewood, B., Povyakalo, A. A. , Strigini, L. & Wright, D.view all authors (2018). Conservative Claims for the Probability of Perfection of a Software-based System Using Operational Experience of Previous Similar Systems. Reliability Engineering and System Safety, 175, pp. 265-282. doi: 10.1016/j.ress.2018.03.032

Del Bino, L., Silver, J., Woodley, M. , Stebbings, S., Zhao, X. & Del’Haye, P.view all authors (2018). Microresonator isolators and circulators based on the intrinsic nonreciprocity of the Kerr effect. Optica, 5(3), pp. 279-282. doi: 10.1364/optica.5.000279

Zhao, X., Littlewood, B., Povyakalo, A. A. , Strigini, L. & Wright, D.view all authors (2017). Modeling the probability of failure on demand (pfd) of a 1-out-of-2 system in which one channel is “quasi-perfect”. Reliability Engineering & System Safety, 158, pp. 230-245. doi: 10.1016/j.ress.2016.09.002

Conference or Workshop Item

Salako, K. ORCID: 0000-0003-0394-7833, Strigini, L. ORCID: 0000-0002-4246-2866 & Zhao, X. (2021). Conservative Confidence Bounds in Safety, from Generalised Claims of Improvement & Statistical Evidence. In: 2021 51st Annual IEEE/IFIP International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks (DSN). The 51st Annual IEEE/IFIP International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks, 21-24 Jun 2021, Taipei, Taiwan. doi: 10.1109/DSN48987.2021.00055

Zhao, X., Robu, V., Flynn, D. , Salako, K. ORCID: 0000-0003-0394-7833 & Strigini, L.view all authors (2020). Assessing the Safety and Reliability of Autonomous Vehicles from Road Testing. In: 2019 IEEE 30th International Symposium on Software Reliability Engineering (ISSRE). ISSRE 2019 - the 20th International Symposium on Software Reliability Engineering, 28 - 31 October 2019, Berlin, Germany. doi: 10.1109/ISSRE.2019.00012

Zhao, X., Littlewood, B., Povyakalo, A. A. & Wright, D.view all authors (2015). Conservative Claims about the Probability of Perfection of Software-based Systems. Paper presented at the The 26th IEEE International Symposium on Software Reliability Engineering, 02-11-2015 - 05-11-2015, Washington DC, USA.

Report

Salako, K. ORCID: 0000-0003-0394-7833, Strigini, L. ORCID: 0000-0002-4246-2866 & Zhao, X. (2021). Proofs of Conservative Confidence Bounds on PFD, Using Claims of Improved Reliability. London, UK: Centre for Software Reliability, City, University of London.

Thesis

Zhao, X. (2016). On the probability of perfection of Software-Based systems. (Unpublished Doctoral thesis, School of Mathematics, Computer Science & Engineering)