City Research Online

Scattering of entropy waves into sound by isolated aerofoils

Guzmán-Iñigo, J. ORCID: 0000-0002-1833-6034, Durán, I. & Morgans, A. S. (2021). Scattering of entropy waves into sound by isolated aerofoils. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 923, article number A10. doi: 10.1017/jfm.2021.569

Abstract

This article presents a modelling approach to predict the low-frequency sound generated by entropy fluctuations interacting with isolated aerofoils. A model of the acoustic field is obtained based on a linearisation of the compressible Euler equations about a steady, potential, compressible mean flow. Mean flow variations of velocity and density are accounted for in the source term, but are neglected in the sound propagation. Using a Lorentz-type transformation, the problem is reduced to solving a Helmholtz equation. This equation is recast in integral form and a solution is obtained using a compact Green’s function method. This approach places no restrictions on the entropy wavelength, while assuming that the acoustic wavelength is large compared to the profile chord and spacing. The source term is further simplified by assuming that the steady flow is a small perturbation to a uniform flow. The model is illustrated using a symmetric aerofoil and its performance is assessed against numerical simulations of the compressible Euler equations. Good agreement is found for all the frequencies of validity of the theory and for all the range of subsonic Mach numbers. The solution for a symmetric aerofoil interacting with plane entropy waves corresponds to the combination of a dipole along the horizontal axis and a monopole. The dipole originates from the unsteady drag experienced by the aerofoil owing to the fluctuations of density and the monopole from the strong local acceleration of the flow at the leading edge. The monopole term becomes negligible for low Mach numbers.

Publication Type: Article
Additional Information: This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Subjects: Q Science > QC Physics
T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)
Departments: School of Science & Technology > Engineering
SWORD Depositor:
[thumbnail of scattering-of-entropy-waves-into-sound-by-isolated-aerofoils.pdf]
Preview
Text - Published Version
Available under License Creative Commons Attribution.

Download (1MB) | Preview

Export

Add to AnyAdd to TwitterAdd to FacebookAdd to LinkedinAdd to PinterestAdd to Email

Downloads

Downloads per month over past year

View more statistics

Actions (login required)

Admin Login Admin Login