City Research Online

Abstract

Empirical research on poverty today often goes beyond a focus on income to consider other dimensions of well-being. However, relatively few multidimensional poverty measures explicitly consider time-use, despite its particular relevance to women’s double burden of paid and unpaid work. We construct a bivariate relative poverty line between income and leisure, based on their joint distribution in the population. Because the strength of the dependence between income and leisure influences the vulnerability to poverty, we incorporate distributional regression into copula models. Utilizing the 2018 Mexican National Survey of Households, Income and Expenses, we investigate differences in bidimensional poverty with respect to gender and ethnicity. We find that the fraction defined as bidimensional poor is 18 percentage points higher than the poverty rate computed from separate time and income measures. Those below the relative but above the absolute poverty line are primarily non-indigenous women whose poverty is made visible by our approach.

Publication Type:	Article
Additional Information:	© 2023 The Authors. Review of Income and Wealth published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Association for Research in Income and Wealth. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Publisher Keywords:	bivariate relative poverty line, bivariate distributional copula model, income distribution, leisure time distribution, Mexican National Survey of Households, intersectionality
Subjects:	H Social Sciences > HB Economic Theory
Departments:	Bayes Business School > Actuarial Science & Insurance
SWORD Depositor:	Symplectic Administrator

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