Abstract

Empirical research on poverty today often goes beyond a focus on income to consider other dimensions of well-being. However, relatively few multidimensional poverty measures explicitly consider time-use, despite its particular relevance to women’s double burden of paid and unpaid work. We construct a bivariate relative poverty line between income and leisure, based on their joint distribution in the population. Because the strength of the dependence between income and leisure influences the vulnerability to poverty, we incorporate distributional regression into copula models. Utilizing the 2018 Mexican National Survey of Households, Income and Expenses, we investigate differences in bidimensional poverty with respect to gender and ethnicity. We find that the fraction defined as bidimensional poor is 18 percentage points higher than the poverty rate computed from separate time and income measures. Those below the relative but above the absolute poverty line are primarily non-indigenous women whose poverty is made visible by our approach.

Publication Type:	Article
Additional Information:	This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Dorn, F., Radice, R. , Marra, G. & Kneib, T. (2022). A Bivariate Relative Poverty Line for Leisure Time and Income Poverty: Detecting Intersectional Differences Using Distributional Copulas. Review of Income and Wealth, which will be published in final form at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1475-4991. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions. This article may not be enhanced, enriched or otherwise transformed into a derivative work, without express permission from Wiley or by statutory rights under applicable legislation. Copyright notices must not be removed, obscured or modified. The article must be linked to Wiley’s version of record on Wiley Online Library and any embedding, framing or otherwise making available the article or pages thereof by third parties from platforms, services and websites other than Wiley Online Library must be prohibited.
Publisher Keywords:	bivariate relative poverty line, bivariate distributional copula model, income distribution, leisure time distribution, Mexican National Survey of Households, intersectionality
Subjects:	H Social Sciences > HB Economic Theory
Departments:	Bayes Business School > Actuarial Science & Insurance

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