City Research Online

Abstract

Using a multi-stage stochastic programming method, we suggest an optimal liability-driven investment (LDI) strategy for a closed defined-benefit pension fund including real assets. The objective is to jointly optimize contribution, funding ratio, and buyout cost, subject to a constraint on downside risk in terms of expected shortfall of assets relative to liabilities. Over a 10-year planning horizon, the optimal LDI strategy with a key-rate duration-matching bond portfolio outperforms the corresponding strategy with a duration-convexity matching bond portfolio as well as a strategy with an aggregate bond index-tracking portfolio. When real assets are introduced, the optimal LDI strategy includes significant investment in infrastructure and real estate, illiquidity notwithstanding. Nevertheless, delays in sales of real assets induced by illiquidity can increase downside risk.

Publication Type:	Article
Additional Information:	This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
Publisher Keywords:	Liability-driven investment, Pension fund, Real assets, Stochastic programming
Subjects:	H Social Sciences > HG Finance
Departments:	Bayes Business School > Actuarial Science & Insurance
SWORD Depositor:	Symplectic Administrator

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