City Research Online

Abstract

The fate of tin moieties in chemical reaction in both solution and solid state, is followed using thermal analysis, optical and electrical measurements, X-ray crystallography and ¹¹⁹Sn Mössbauer spectroscopy to identify the nature of the tin species on reaction.
Thermal analysis is used to provide evidence for the formation of new compounds, to obtain information on the strength of the tin-ligand bonds, and to construct phase diagrams in some solid state systems. Optical and electrical measurements are used to detect the presence, if any of band to band transitions in some solid state materials prepared in this work. Optical reflectance and photoacoustic spectra of phases in the mixed halide CsSnBr₃: CsSnCl₃ and mixed metal CsSnBr₃: CsPbBr₃ systems are compared, and additional information is obtained from photoacoustic spectroscopy on the atomic and band transitions in some transition metal metastannates(IV) and hydroxostannates(IV ) Optical electronic spectra are used to follow the formation of a formally tin(iv) species in the Pd : Sn : Cl : I system.
The X-ray crystal structures of five materials are determined viz.K₃Sn₂(S0"₄" )₃Br, K₃Sn₂( SO₄)₃Cl, Sn₇Br₁₀S₂, Sn ( acetate )₂ .2tu and Sn₂Br₄. 5tu. 2H₂0. This technique is used to show details of the tin(ll) environments in compounds which contain tin in unusual bonding situations.
Transmission Mössbauer spectroscopy is used to identify changes in the use of tin bonding electrons in chemical reactions, and to determine the extent of competition between ligands for the use of tin bonding electrons, and between tin and other metal ions for the use of the ligand bonding electrons. In addition, the validity of the assumption that a direct relationship exists between the Mössbauer data recorded at 80K and room temperature crystallographic data is tested. Results from the application of the surface sensitive ¹¹⁹Sn conversion electron Mössbauer technique to various surface systems including glasses, fabrics and ceramics are reported.
In conclusion, the theories of bonding in tin(ll) chemistry are reviewed and the concept of orbital matching to describe tin(ll) in both high and low symmetry sites is discussed.

Publication Type:	Thesis (Doctoral)
Subjects:	Q Science Q Science > QD Chemistry
Departments:	School of Science & Technology > School of Science & Technology Doctoral Theses Doctoral Theses

Export

Downloads