City Research Online

Abstract

XR-based industrial Metaverse is a new paradigm for manufacturing, a fully immersive virtual space that interacts with the physical space to enhance manufacturing efficiency. This cyber-physical system integrates technologies such as digital twins, IoT, blockchain, and NFT to build a Metaverse that contains a virtual replica of the physical system, connecting people, machines, processes, and environments within the product design, production planning, manufacturing, and predictive maintenance process. By performing industrial process simulations and taking advantage of augmented reality (AR) or virtual reality (VR) technology, industrial Metaverse has great potential in applications such as collaborative workspaces, virtual factories, digital management, and employee training. However, the design process and methodologies related to industrial Metaverses lag behind when compared to the architectures and applications of industrial Metaverses. Through digging into existing literature, this paper mainly focuses on the design of industrial Metaverses, including frameworks, methodologies, and techniques related to the design of an industrial Metaverse with an XR perspective. The paper also analyses the technologies that form the system, elaborates the challenges and opportunities in various applications, and finally provides insights for the future.

Publication Type:	Article
Additional Information:	© 2025 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The terms on which this article has been published allow the posting of the Accepted Manuscript in a repository by the author(s) or with their consent.
Publisher Keywords:	industrial metaverse; design methodology; e-manufacturing; virtual manufacturing; industrial dataspace; AR/VR applications; survey
Subjects:	H Social Sciences > HN Social history and conditions. Social problems. Social reform Q Science > QA Mathematics > QA75 Electronic computers. Computer science T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)
Departments:	School of Science & Technology School of Science & Technology > Department of Engineering
SWORD Depositor:	Symplectic Administrator

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