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Abstract

Background:
An escalating prevalence of older adults living longer with chronic conditions challenges the health care workforce. Innovative web-based services, such as those based on the Epital Care Model (ECM), may help address these challenges, though their effects remain undocumented.

Objective:
The objectives of this study are to investigate whether telehealth services provided by an ECM response and coordination center, complementary to usual care provided by general practitioners (GPs), affect the participants’ mental well-being and use of health care services as primary outcomes, and social activities and mobility as a secondary outcome.

Methods:
Using a pragmatic, modified, stepped wedged, nonblinded design, 184 people living with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diagnosed in accordance with the GOLD (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease) guidelines, were, for logistic and resource reasons, randomized over a period of 10 months, within blocks of up to ten participants and at four geographically distinct locations, into either an ECM-based complementary telehealth service (ECTHS), manned by certified nonprofessional staff, or usual care provided by GPs and other health care services. All baseline parameters were collected in person, whereas all follow-up data were based on data from the participants’ health records and telephone interviews at 8 months (T1) and 12 months (T2). Mental well-being was assessed by the World Health Organization-5 Well-Being Index (WHO-5), using an independent 2-sample t test for comparison between groups and a dependent 2-sample t test for comparison between T0 and T1 and T2, respectively, within the two groups. Health care service usage and participants’ social activity and mobility were assessed and compared using Poisson regression.

Results:
In an intention-to-treat analysis, there were no differences in WHO-5 score within or between groups, whereas a difference was found at T2 in a per protocol analysis (mean 68.68, SD 17.40 in ECTHS vs 59.70, SD 19.51 in usual care; P=.01). Estimates of the Poisson regression were for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease related contacts to health care services at T2 for hospital admissions (0.51; P=.04), out-of-office services (0.49; P=.09), outpatient clinics (0.49; P=.02), and visits at GP (0.25; P<.001), demonstrating a reduction in usage between 49% and 75% after adjustment for age, GOLD risk score, risk time and comorbidities. In addition, at both T1 and T2, there was an increase in participation in cultural events and travel activities abroad, with T2 estimates of 1.73 (P<.001) and 2.50 (P=.002), respectively, demonstrating an increase of 73% and 150%, respectively.

Conclusions:
These results contribute to a new perspective on how health care services can be organized to reduce health care usage and increase social activity and mobility based on an ECTHS manned with nonprofessional certified staff.

Trial Registration:
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT06988566, https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06988566 (retrospectively registered)

Publication Type:	Article
Additional Information:	This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research (ISSN 1438-8871), is properly cited. The complete bibliographic information, a link to the original publication on https://www.jmir.org/, as well as this copyright and license information must be included.
Publisher Keywords:	chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; exacerbation; telehealth; relapse prevention; Epital Care Model; patient-reported outcome measures; disease management; organization and administration
Subjects:	H Social Sciences > HM Sociology H Social Sciences > HN Social history and conditions. Social problems. Social reform R Medicine > RA Public aspects of medicine > RA0421 Public health. Hygiene. Preventive Medicine R Medicine > RC Internal medicine
Departments:	School of Health & Medical Sciences School of Health & Medical Sciences > Department of Population Health & Policy
SWORD Depositor:	Symplectic Administrator

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