City Research Online

Abstract

A comparative examination of breast cancer survival between two data sets from the Kurdistan area of Iraq and a corresponding data set from Germany is the aim of this paper. Using breast cancer data from the Kurdistan area of Iraq, both censored and unfiltered, we developed a methodology in a previous publication (2016) for predicting survival probabilities and hazard functions in a health context when a significant fraction of participants are lost to the research. This study follows earlier research (2023) where we had to use unique estimation methods to address the two Iraqi datasets' filtering problems. In particular, the data from Nanakaly hospital in the city of Erbil and Hewa hospitals in the city of Sulamani involved problems with hidden censoring affecting the survival time, leading to significant biases in survival curves generated using standard methods, and we had developed new Markov chain-based methods for generating survival curves providing adjusted Kaplan Meier analyses. Due to the availability of a reliable survival function, we chose to work with a German data set from the W. Sauerbrei Institute for Medical Biometry and Informatics, University of Freiburg—Germany. Our data analysis leads us to the conclusion that younger German women had a higher breast cancer survival rate than patients from the Kurdistan Region of Iraq.

Publication Type:	Article
Additional Information:	This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
Publisher Keywords:	Survival analysis, Age study, Kaplan-Meier, Cumulative survival function, Breast cancer
Subjects:	D History General and Old World > DD Germany D History General and Old World > DS Asia Q Science > QA Mathematics R Medicine > RA Public aspects of medicine R Medicine > RC Internal medicine > RC0254 Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology (including Cancer)
Departments:	School of Science & Technology School of Science & Technology > Department of Mathematics
SWORD Depositor:	Symplectic Administrator

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