City Research Online

Abstract

This study investigates the dual impacts of anthropomorphic relationships formed between older adults living alone and companion robots, drawing on qualitative data from users of Hyodol, a grandchild-shaped care robot distributed in South Korea. Using grounded theory, four subcategories of anthropomorphism were identified: emotional warmth and attachment, dialogue and emotional empathy, cognitive and practical competence, and reciprocity and mutual care. Findings reveal that anthropomorphism can simultaneously deliver emotional support, social engagement, cognitive stimulation, and autonomy enhancement, while also introducing risks such as excessive dependence, frustration, and anxiety regarding mutual care. These dual outcomes reinforce the importance of context-sensitive robot design and deployment, informed by longitudinal, user-centered research. The study offers practical recommendations for adaptive interaction features, mutual care facilitation, and ethical safeguards for the wellbeing of older adults while respecting their dignity and autonomy. This research contributes nuanced empirical analysis to guide the responsible development of companion robots in aging societies.

Publication Type:	Article
Additional Information:	This version of the article has been accepted for publication, after peer review (when applicable) and is subject to Springer Nature’s AM terms of use, but is not the Version of Record and does not reflect post-acceptance improvements, or any corrections. The Version of Record is available online at: link.springer.com/journal/146
Publisher Keywords:	anthropomorphism, companion robots, older adults, grounded theory, Hyodol, social robotics, elder care
Subjects:	H Social Sciences > H Social Sciences (General) Q Science > QA Mathematics > QA75 Electronic computers. Computer science
Departments:	School of Communication & Creativity School of Communication & Creativity > Department of Media, Culture & Creative Industries
SWORD Depositor:	Symplectic Administrator

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