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Abstract

Background
Social support is known to influence pregnancy outcomes. We explored the sources of social support available to pregnant women in a rural setting in south India.

Methods
We conducted 13 focus group discussions (FGDs) among women of child-bearing age, husbands, mothers/ mothers-in-law, community health workers, and community leaders. FGDs were transcribed and analysed using thematic analysis.

Results
Support received during pregnancy were mainly in three domains; tangible, informational and emotional support. Tangible support refers to providing practical support such as cooking nutritious food for the pregnant women, helping them with household chores, and accompanying pregnant women for hospital visits. Informational support refers to measures aimed at improving awareness during pregnancy and promoting informed decision making such as advice on dietary practices and remedies for common ailments. Emotional support refers to the support provided by family members and CHWs in fulfilling women’s desires during pregnancy and allowing them a safe space to share their problems. Sources of support identified include husbands, elders in the family, friends, the local community, and health service providers. In general, perceptions were similar across participant groups, age and gender. While tribal participants sought elders’ advice and relied on traditional remedies compared to non-tribal participants, they were more likely to access nutritional aids offered by the government. CHWs provide additional support to tribal communities in identifying pregnant women, closely monitoring them and extending informal support during pregnancy and delivery by taking them to the hospital. Members of the joint family including mothers-in-law and sisters-in-law actively helped in chores, nutrition and newborn care compared to the nuclear family. In general, women felt that they received valuable support from family and community. Participants felt that support from husbands, families and neighbours had an influence on women’s health and behaviour during pregnancy.

Conclusions
The findings were used to develop intervention modules to promote maternal health and the health of their offspring.

Publication Type:	Article
Additional Information:	This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if you modified the licensed material. You do not have permission under this licence to share adapted material derived from this article or parts of it. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.
Publisher Keywords:	Family support, Pregnancy care, Pregnancy support, Social support, Sources of support
Subjects:	R Medicine > RG Gynecology and obstetrics
Departments:	School of Health & Medical Sciences School of Health & Medical Sciences > Department of Population Health & Policy
SWORD Depositor:	Symplectic Administrator

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