City Research Online

Abstract

Distributed aerodynamic sensing is a key requirement for future fly-by-feel UAV systems. Inspired by mechanosensory systems found in flying animals, this paper investigates the use of a bio-inspired optically tracked flexible pillar sensor array for aerodynamic sensing and stall detection on a washed-out NACA0012 aerofoil. Experiments were conducted in a low-speed water tunnel, with flow at chord-based Reynolds Re=70×103 and the pillar sensors set to measure local flow conditions. Sensor calibration and dynamic characterisation were performed prior to testing. Time-resolved flow visualisation measurements were used to validate sensor response and investigate local flow phenomena. The results demonstrated that flexible pillar sensors can capture early indications of stall through monitoring of spanwise mean deflection, flow reversal events associated with incipient and fully separated flow, and characteristic low-frequency oscillations. The findings demonstrate the potential of distributed bio-inspired sensor arrays to enhance stall detection and enable real-time aerodynamic monitoring in future fly-by-feel UAV systems.

Publication Type:	Article
Additional Information:	© 2026 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license.
Publisher Keywords:	biomimetics; fly-by-feel; bio-inspired sensing; distributed flow sensing; UAV; stall detection; aerodynamic sensing
Subjects:	T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)
Departments:	School of Science & Technology School of Science & Technology > Department of Engineering
SWORD Depositor:	Symplectic Administrator

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