City Research Online

Abstract

Computer-Using Agents (CUA) enable users to automate increasingly complex tasks through interaction with graphical interfaces such as web browsers. However, many such tasks require access to personal data, which raises concerns around control, interoperability, and trust. We propose Computer-Using Personal Agents (CUPA): agents that extend CUAs by leveraging a structured, user-controlled Personal Knowledge Graph (PKG). The PKG serves as an external, semantic repository of the user’s private data, enabling CUPAs to reason over, personalise, and automate tasks while respecting access policies and evolving user references. PKGs support interoperability with external data sources and other agents, facilitate policy-aware data exchange, and allow for richer, privacy-preserving automation. CUPAs not only provide users with greater control over their data but also open new opportunities for collaborative, agent-mediated task coordination across users.

Publication Type:	Article
Additional Information:	© 2026 Sage. This is the accepted manuscript of an article published by Sage. Please refer to the publisher’s terms and conditions for information on re-use.
Publisher Keywords:	Computer-Using Personal Agents, Personal Knowledge Graphs, Semantic Web, Data Sovereignty, Multi-agent
Subjects:	Q Science > QA Mathematics > QA75 Electronic computers. Computer science
Departments:	School of Science & Technology School of Science & Technology > Department of Computer Science
SWORD Depositor:	Symplectic Administrator

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