City Research Online

Bloomfield, R. E. ORCID: 0000-0002-2050-6151 & Rushby, J. (2022). Assessing Confidence with Assurance 2.0 (SRI-CSL-2022-02). California, USA: SRI International.

Bloomfield, R. E. ORCID: 0000-0002-2050-6151 & Rushby, J. (2020). Assurance 2.0. City, University of London.

Bloomfield, R. E. ORCID: 0000-0002-2050-6151, Fletcher, G., Khlaaf, H. , Ryan, P., Kinoshita, S., Kinoshit, Y., Takeyama, M., Matsubara, Y., Popov, P. T. ORCID: 0000-0002-3434-5272, Imai, K. & Tsutake, Y.view all authors (2020). Towards Identifying and closing Gaps in Assurance of autonomous Road vehicleS - a collection of Technical Notes Part 1 (Project Ref: 01/18/05). London, UK: Adelard.

Bloomfield, R. E. ORCID: 0000-0002-2050-6151, Fletcher, G., Khlaaf, H. , Ryan, P., Kinoshita, S., Kinoshit, Y., Takeyama, M., Matsubara, Y., Popov, P. T. ORCID: 0000-0002-3434-5272, Imai, K. & Tsutake, Y.view all authors (2020). Towards Identifying and closing Gaps in Assurance of autonomous Road vehicleS - a collection of Technical Notes Part 2 (Project Ref: 01/18/05). London, UK: Adelard.

Bloomfield, R. E. ORCID: 0000-0002-2050-6151, Khlaaf, H., Conmy, P. R. & Fletcher, G.view all authors (2019). Disruptive Innovations and Disruptive Assurance: Assuring Machine Learning and Autonomy. Computer, 52(9), pp. 82-89. doi: 10.1109/mc.2019.2914775

Bloomfield, R. E., Bishop, P. G. ORCID: 0000-0003-3307-5159, Butler, E. & Stroud, R.view all authors (2018). Security-Informed Safety: Supporting Stakeholders with Codes of Practice. Computer, 51(8), pp. 60-65. doi: 10.1109/mc.2018.3191260

Bloomfield, R. E., Popov, P. T., Salako, K. ORCID: 0000-0003-0394-7833 , Stankovic, V. ORCID: 0000-0002-8740-6526 & Wright, D.view all authors (2017). Preliminary Interdependency Analysis: An Approach to Support Critical Infrastructure Risk Assessment. Reliability Engineering and System Safety, 167, pp. 198-217. doi: 10.1016/j.ress.2017.05.030

Bloomfield, R. E., Butler, E. & Netkachova, K. (2017). Assurance of open systems dependability: developing a framework for automotive security and safety. Paper presented at the Sixth Workshop on Open Systems Dependability, 21 Oct 2017, Tokyo, Japan.

Bloomfield, R. E., Bishop, P. G., Butler, E. & Netkachova, K.view all authors (2017). Using an assurance case framework to develop security strategy and policies. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 10489 , pp. 27-38. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-66284-8_3

Netkachova, K. & Bloomfield, R. E. (2017). Is Chocolate Good for You-or, Is the Cloud Secure?. Computer, 50(8), pp. 74-78. doi: 10.1109/mc.2017.3001250

Bloomfield, R. E., Guerra, A. S. L., Butler, E. & Netkachova, K.view all authors (2017). Security-informed safety: integrating security within the safety demonstration of a smart device. In: 10th International Topical Meeting on Nuclear Plant Instrumentation, Control, and Human-Machine Interface Technologies. 10th International Topical Meeting on Nuclear Plant Instrumentation, Control, 11-15 Jun 2017, San Francisco, USA.

Netkachova, K. & Bloomfield, R. E. (2016). Security-Informed Safety. Computer, 49(6), pp. 98-102. doi: 10.1109/mc.2016.158

Bloomfield, R. E., Bendele, M., Bishop, P. G. , Stroud, R. & Tonks, S.view all authors (2016). The risk assessment of ERTMS-based railway systems from a cyber security perspective: Methodology and lessons learned. In: Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics). First International Conference, RSSRail 2016, 28-30 Jun 2016, Paris, France. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-33951-1_1

Shittu, R., Healing, A., Ghanea-Hercock, R. , Bloomfield, R. E. & Rajarajan, M.view all authors (2015). Intrusion alert prioritisation and attack detection using post-correlation analysis. Computers & Security, 50, pp. 1-15. doi: 10.1016/j.cose.2014.12.003

Netkachova, K., Müller, K., Paulitsch, M. & Bloomfield, R. E.view all authors (2015). Security-Informed Safety Case Approach to Analysing MILS Systems. Paper presented at the International Workshop on MILS: Architecture and Assurance for Secure Systems, 19-21 January 2015, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Netkachova, K., Müller, K., Paulitsch, M. & Bloomfield, R. E.view all authors (2015). Investigation into a Layered Approach to Architecting Security-Informed Safety Cases. In: Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC), 2015 IEEE/AIAA 34th. 2015 IEEE/AIAA 34th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC), 13-09-2015 - 17-09-2015, Prague, Czech Republic. doi: 10.1109/DASC.2015.7311447

Netkachova, K., Netkachov, O. & Bloomfield, R. E. (2015). Tool Support for Assurance Case Building Blocks, Providing a Helping Hand with CAE. In: Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Computer Safety Reliability and Security. SAFECOMP 2015 Workshops, ASSURE, DECSoS, ISSE, ReSA4CI, and SASSUR, 22-09-2015, Delft, Netherlands. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-24249-1_6

Bloomfield, R. E. & Parisaca-Vargas, A. (2015). Using Ontologies to Support Model-based Exploration of the Dependencies between Causes and Consequences of Hazards. Paper presented at the 7th International Conference on Knowledge Engineering and Ontology Development, 12-11-2015 - 14-11-2015, Lisbon, Portugal.

Netkachova, K., Bloomfield, R. E., Popov, P. T. & Netkachov, O.view all authors (2015). Using Structured Assurance Case Approach to Analyse Security and Reliability of Critical Infrastructures. In: Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Computer Safety Reliability and Security. SAFECOMP 2015 Workshops, ASSURE, DECSoS, ISSE, ReSA4CI, and SASSUR, 22-09-2015, Delft, Netherlands. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-24249-1_30

Bishop, P. G., Bloomfield, R. E., Littlewood, B. , Popov, P. T., Povyakalo, A. A. & Strigini, L.view all authors (2014). A conservative bound for the probability of failure of a 1-out-of-2 protection system with one hardware-only and one software-based protection train. Reliability Engineering & System Safety, 130, pp. 61-68. doi: 10.1016/j.ress.2014.04.002

Bloomfield, R. E. & Netkachova, K. (2014). Building Blocks for Assurance Cases. Paper presented at the International Symposium on Software Reliability Engineering (ISSRE), 03-11-2014 - 06-11-2014, Naples, Italy.

Shittu, R., Healing, A., Ghanea-Hercock, R. , Bloomfield, R. E. & Rajarajan, M.view all authors (2014). A New Metric for Prioritising Intrusion Alerts Using Correlation and Outlier Analysis. Paper presented at the 39th IEEE Conference on Local Computer Networks, 08-09-2014 - 11-09-2014, Edmonton, Canada.

Bishop, P. G., Bloomfield, R. E. & Cyra, L. (2013). Combining Testing and Proof to Gain High Assurance in Software: a Case Study. In: Not known (Ed.), TBD. IEEE International Symposium on Software Reliability Engineering (ISSRE 2013), 4 - 7 Nov 2013, Pasadena, CA, USA.

Bloomfield, R. E., Netkachova, K. & Stroud, R. (2013). Security-Informed Safety: If it's not secure, it's not safe. Paper presented at the 5th International Workshop on Software Engineering for Resilient Systems (SERENE 2013), 03rd - 04th October 2013, Kiev, Ukraine.

Bishop, P. G., Bloomfield, R. E., Guerra, S. & Thuy, N.view all authors (2012). Safety justification frameworks: Integrating rule-based, goal-based and risk-informed approaches. In: 8th International Topical Meeting on Nuclear Plant Instrumentation, Control, and Human-Machine Interface Technologies 2012, NPIC and HMIT 2012: Enabling the Future of Nuclear Energy. (pp. 1283-1290). Illinois, USA: American Nuclear Society.

Bloomfield, R. E. & Wetherilt, A. (2012). Computer trading and systemic risk: a nuclear perspective (Driver Review DR26). London, UK: Government Office for Science.

Bishop, P. G., Bloomfield, R. E., Gashi, I. & Stankovic, V.view all authors (2012). Diverse protection systems for improving security: a study with AntiVirus engines. London, UK: City University London.

Strigini, L., Bloomfield, R. E., Paulitsch, M. & Reiger, R.view all authors (2012). Evidence-Based Security in Aerospace. From Safety to Security and Back Again. Paper presented at the 23rd International Symposium on Software Reliability Engineering (ISSRE 2012), Fast Abstracts Track, 26 - 29 Nov 2012, Dallas, Texas, USA.

Gashi, I., Bloomfield, R., Bloomfield, R. E. & Stroud, R.view all authors (2012). How secure is ERTMS?. Paper presented at the Workshop on Dependable and Secure Computing for Large-scale Complex Critical Infrastructures (DESEC4LCCI), 25 September 2012, Herrenkrug, Germany.

Stankovic, V. ORCID: 0000-0002-8740-6526, Bloomfield, R. E., Bishop, P. G. & Gashi, I.view all authors (2011). Diversity for Security: a Study with Off-The-Shelf AntiVirus Engines. Paper presented at the 21st International Symposium on Software Reliability Engineering (ISSRE 2011), Hiroshima, Japan.

Bishop, P. G., Bloomfield, R. E., Littlewood, B. , Povyakalo, A. A. & Wright, D.view all authors (2011). Toward a Formalism for Conservative Claims about the Dependability of Software-Based Systems. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, 37(5), pp. 708-717. doi: 10.1109/tse.2010.67

Bloomfield, R. E., Chozos, N., Popov, P. T. , Stankovic, V. ORCID: 0000-0002-8740-6526, Wright, D. & Howell-Morris, R.view all authors (2010). Preliminary Interdependency Analysis (PIA): Method and tool support (D/501/12102/2 v2.0). London: Adelard LLP and City University London.

Bloomfield, R. E., Buzna, L., Popov, P. T. , Salako, K. ORCID: 0000-0003-0394-7833 & Wright, D.view all authors (2010). Stochastic modelling of the effects of interdependencies between critical infrastructure. In: Lecture Notes in Computer Science. 4th International Workshop, CRITIS 2009, 30 September - 2 October 2009, Bonn, Germany.

Bloomfield, R. E., Chozos, N. & Salako, K. ORCID: 0000-0003-0394-7833 (2009). Current capabilities, requirements and a proposed strategy for interdependency analysis in the UK. In: Rome, E & Bloomfield, RE (Eds.), CRITIS. 4th International Workshop, CRITIS 2009, 30 September - 2 October 2009, Bonn, Germany. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-14379-3_16

Bloomfield, R. E., Gashi, I., Povyakalo, A. A. & Stankovic, V. ORCID: 0000-0002-8740-6526view all authors (2008). Comparison of Empirical Data from Two Honeynets and a Distributed Honeypot Network. In: ISSRE. 19th International Symposium on Software Reliability Engineering, 2008, 10 - 14 Nov 2008, Seattle, USA. doi: 10.1109/ISSRE.2008.62

Gashi, I. & Bloomfield, R. E. (2008). Evaluating the resilience and security of boundaryless, evolving socio-technical Systems of Systems. Centre for Software Reliability, City University London.

Bloomfield, R. E., Littlewood, B. & Wright, D. (2007). Confidence: Its role in dependability cases for risk assessment. In: 37TH ANNUAL IEEE/IFIP INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DEPENDABLE SYSTEMS AND NETWORKS, PROCEEDINGS. 37th Annual IEEE/IFIP International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks, 25 - 28 June 2008, Edinburgh, UK. doi: 10.1109/DSN.2007.29

Littlewood, B. & Bloomfield, R. E. (2004). On the use of diverse arguments to increase confidence in dependability claims. Paper presented at the International Conference on Control and Instrumentation in Nuclear Installations, 2004, Liverpool, UK.

Littlewood, B., Bloomfield, R. E., Popov, P. T. , Povyakalo, A. A. & Strigini, L.view all authors (2004). The impact of "difficulty" variation on the probability of coincident failure of diverse systems. Paper presented at the International Conference on Control and Instrumentation in Nuclear Installations, 2004, Liverpool, UK.

Bishop, P. G., Bloomfield, R. E., Clement, T. , Guerra, S. & Jones, C.view all authors (2003). Integrity static analysis of COTS/SOUP. In: Anderson, S. O., Felici, M. & Littlewood, B. (Eds.), Knowledge-Based Intelligent Information and Engineering Systems 7th INternational Conference, KES 2003, Oxford, UK, September 2003. Proceedings, Part I. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2788. (pp. 63-76). London, UK: Springer. doi: 10.1007/b12002

Bishop, P. G. & Bloomfield, R. E. (2003). Using a Log-normal Failure Rate Distribution for Worst Case Bound Reliability Prediction. Paper presented at the 14th IEEE International Symposium on Software Reliability Engineering (ISSRE 2003), 17 - 20 Nov 2003, Denver, Colorado.

Bloomfield, R. E., Courtois, P.-J., Littlewood, B. , Strigini, L., Yih, S. & Fan, C.-F.view all authors (2002). Search for the Unnecessary: Letter to the Editor. Nuclear Engineering International, 47(570), 11-.

Bishop, P. G. & Bloomfield, R. E. (2002). Worst Case Reliability Prediction Based on a Prior Estimate of Residual Defects. In: Software Reliability Engineering, 2002. ISSRE 2003. Proceedings. 13th International Symposium on. (pp. 295-303). IEEE.

Bishop, P. G., Penny, J., Eaton, A. & Bloomfield, R. E.view all authors (2001). The Practicalities of Goal-Based Safety Regulation. In: Redmill, F. & Anderson, T. (Eds.), Aspects of Safety Management: Proceedings of the Ninth Safety-critical Systems Symposium, Bristol, UK 2001. (pp. 35-48). London; New York: Springer.

Bishop, P. G. & Bloomfield, R. E. (1998). A Methodology for Safety Case Development. In: Redmill, F. & Anderson, T. (Eds.), Industrial Perspectives of Safety-critical Systems: Proceedings of the Sixth Safety-critical Systems Symposium, Birmingham 1998. . London, UK: Springer.

Littlewood, B., Bainbridge, I. & Bloomfield, R. E. (1998). The use of computers in safety-critical applications. London, UK: Health and Safety Commission.

Bishop, P. G. & Bloomfield, R. E. (1995). The SHIP Safety Case. In: Safecomp '95 : The 14th International Conference on Computer Safety, Reliability and Security. . London, UK: Springer.