City Research Online

Abstract

Humans and other animals routinely make choices between goods of different values. Choices are often made within identifiable contexts, such that an efficient learner may represent values relative to their local context. However, if goods occur across multiple contexts, a relative value code can lead to irrational choices. In this case, an absolute context-independent value is preferable to a relative code. Here we test the hypothesis that value representation is not fixed but rationally adapted to context expectations. In two experiments, we manipulated participants’ expectations about whether item values learned within local contexts would need to be subsequently compared across contexts. Despite identical learning experiences, the group whose expectations included choices across local contexts went on to learn more absolute-like representation than the group whose expectations covered only fixed local contexts. Human value representation is thus neither relative nor absolute but efficiently and rationally tuned to task demands.

Publication Type:	Article
Additional Information:	This version of the article has been accepted for publication, after peer review (when applicable) and is subject to Springer Nature’s AM terms of use, but is not the Version of Record and does not reflect post-acceptance improvements, or any corrections. The Version of Record is available online at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41562-022-01360-4
Subjects:	B Philosophy. Psychology. Religion > BF Psychology B Philosophy. Psychology. Religion > BJ Ethics R Medicine > RC Internal medicine > RC0321 Neuroscience. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry
Departments:	School of Health & Psychological Sciences > Psychology
SWORD Depositor:	Symplectic Administrator

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