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Abstract

Objective
The study aim was to examine the relationships between longitudinal dietary trajectories from early pregnancy to 3 years post delivery and adiposity measures in women with obesity.

Methods
The diets of 1208 women with obesity in the UPBEAT (UK Pregnancy Better Eating and Activity Trial) study were assessed using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) at 15+0 to 18+6 weeks’ gestation (baseline), 27+0 to 28+6 weeks’ gestation, and 34+0 to 36+0 weeks' gestation, as well as 6 months and 3 years post delivery. Using factor analysis of the baseline FFQ data, four dietary patterns were identified: fruit & vegetable, African/Caribbean, processed, and snacking. The baseline scoring system was applied to the FFQ data at the four subsequent time points. Group-based trajectory modeling was used to extract longitudinal dietary pattern trajectories. Using adjusted regression, associations between dietary trajectories and log-transformed/standardized adiposity measures (BMI and waist and mid-upper arm circumferences) at 3 years post delivery were examined.

Results
Two trajectories were found to best describe the data for the four individual dietary patterns; these were characterized as high and low adherence. A high adherence to the processed pattern was associated with a higher BMI (β = 0.38 [95% CI: 0.06–0.69]) and higher waist (β = 0.35 [0.03–0.67]) and mid-upper arm circumferences (β = 0.36 [0.04–0.67]) at 3 years post delivery.

Conclusions
In women with obesity, a processed dietary pattern across pregnancy and 3 years post delivery is associated with higher adiposity.

Publication Type:	Article
Additional Information:	© 2023 The Authors. Obesity published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of The Obesity Society. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Subjects:	R Medicine > RA Public aspects of medicine > RA0421 Public health. Hygiene. Preventive Medicine R Medicine > RG Gynecology and obstetrics
Departments:	School of Health & Psychological Sciences > Healthcare Services Research & Management

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