City Research Online

Ben-David, A. & Carmi, E. ORCID: 0000-0003-1108-2075 (2025). Dark Cycles: Social Engineering and Political Chatbots in Netanyahu’s 2019 Election Campaigns. International Journal of Communication, pp. 592-616.

Carmi, E. ORCID: 0000-0003-1108-2075 & Nakou, P. (2025). Building data citizenship and learning to resist in the datafied society. Learning, Media and Technology, pp. 1-14. doi: 10.1080/17439884.2025.2505553

Dan, K. & Carmi, E. ORCID: 0000-0003-1108-2075 (2024). Keeping Pegasus on the wing: legitimizing cyber espionage. Information, Communication and Society, 27(8), pp. 1499-1529. doi: 10.1080/1369118x.2023.2245873

Yates, S. & Carmi, E. ORCID: 0000-0003-1108-2075 (2024). Chapter 1 - Introduction. In: Yates, S. & Carmi, E. ORCID: 0000-0003-1108-2075 (Eds.), Digital Inclusion: International Policy and Research. Palgrave Studies in Digital Inequalities. (pp. 1-10). Springer. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-28930-9_1

Yates, S. & Carmi, E. ORCID: 0000-0003-1108-2075 (2024). Chapter 12 - Developing and Delivering Data Literacy. In: Yates, S. & Carmi, E. ORCID: 0000-0003-1108-2075 (Eds.), Digital Inclusion: International Policy and Research. Palgrave Studies in Digital Inequalities. (pp. 249-273). Springer. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-28930-9_12

Yates, S. & Carmi, E. ORCID: 0000-0003-1108-2075 (2024). Digital Inclusion International Policy and Research. Palgrave Macmillan. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-28930-9

Yates, S., Singleton, A., Polizzi, G. , D’Arcy, J., Harris, R., Blackwell, C., Davis, A., Hill, K., Padley, M., Stone, E., Carmi, E. ORCID: 0000-0003-1108-2075, Garikipati, S. & Sheppard, P.view all authors (2024). The Minimum Digital Living Standard - Overview 2024. Liverpool, UK: University of Liverpool.

Yates, S., Hill, K., Blackwell, C. , Davis, A., Padley, M., Stone, E., Polizzi, G., D'Arcy, J., Harris, R., Sheppard, P., Singleton, A., Ye, Z., Carmi, E. ORCID: 0000-0003-1108-2075, Garikipati, S. & Barrera, P.view all authors (2024). A Minimum Digital Living Standard for Households with Children - Overall Findings Report. Liverpool, UK: University of Liverpool.

Musi, E., O’Halloran, K., Carmi, E. ORCID: 0000-0003-1108-2075 & Yates, S.view all authors (2023). Developing Misinformation Immunity in a Post-Truth World: Human Computer Interaction for Data Literacy. In: Schirrmacher, B. & Mousavi, N. (Eds.), Truth Claims Across Media. (pp. 245-271). Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-42064-1

Musi, E., O’Halloran, K., Carmi, E. ORCID: 0000-0003-1108-2075 , Humann, M., Jin, M., Yates, S. & Pal, G.view all authors (2023). Mapping polylogical discourse to understand (dis)information negotiation: the case of the UK Events Research Programme. In: Maci, S., Demata, M., Seargeant, P. & McGlashan, M.view all authors (Eds.), The Routledge Book of Discourse and Disinformation. (pp. 412-425). Abingdon, UK: Routledge.

Burnside, G., Cheyne, C., Leeming, G. , Humann, M., Darby, A., Green, M., Crozier, A., Maskell, S., O'Halloran, K., Musi, E., Carmi, E. ORCID: 0000-0003-1108-2075, Fisher, D., Corcoran, R., Dunning, J., Edmunds, J., Tharmaratnam, K., Hughs, D., Malki-Epshtein, L., Cook, M., Roberts, B., Gallagher, E., Howell, K., Chand, M., Kemp, R., Boulter, M., Fowler, T., Semple, M., Coffey, E., Ashton, M., Garc ıa-Fi~nana, M. & Buchan, I.view all authors (2023). COVID-19 risk mitigation in reopening mass cultural events: population-based observational study for the UK Events Research Programme in Liverpool City Region. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, doi: 10.1177/0141076823118238

Carmi, E. ORCID: 0000-0003-1108-2075 & Yates, S. (2023). Data Citizenship: Data Literacies to Challenge Power Imbalance Between Society and “Big Tech”. International Journal of Communication, 17, pp. 3619-3637.

Carmi, E. ORCID: 0000-0003-1108-2075, Lockley, E. & Yates, S. (2023). Inclusive digital focus groups – lessons from working with citizens with limited digital literacies. In: Skopek, J. (Ed.), Research Handbook of Digital Sociology. (pp. 161-178). Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar. doi: 10.4337/9781789906769

Musi, E., Carmi, E. ORCID: 0000-0003-1108-2075, O'Halloran, K. & Yates, S.view all authors (2023). Developing misinformation immunity: how to reason-check fallacious news in a human computer interaction environment. Social Media + Society, 9(1), article number 20563051221150407. doi: 10.1177/20563051221150407

Carmi, E. ORCID: 0000-0003-1108-2075 & Nakou, P. (2023). What Mobilises People Against Big-Tech?. London, UK: City, University of London.

Yates, S. & Carmi, E. ORCID: 0000-0003-1108-2075 (2022). Citizens’ networks of digital and data literacy. In: McDougall, J. & Fowler-Watt, K. (Eds.), The Palgrave Handbook of Media Misinformation. (pp. 191-205). Palgrave. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-11976-7_13

Yates, S. & Carmi, E. ORCID: 0000-0003-1108-2075 (2022). Developing citizens data literacy: A short guide. London, UK: Nuffield Foundation.

Musi, E., Aloumpi, M., Carmi, E. ORCID: 0000-0003-1108-2075 , Yates, S. & O'Halloran, K.view all authors (2022). Developing fake news immunity: fallacies as misinformation triggers during the pandemic. Online Journal of Communication and Media Technologies, 12(3), article number e202217. doi: 10.30935/ojcmt/12083

Carmi, E. ORCID: 0000-0003-1108-2075 (2022). Don't Be Antisocial: The Politics of the “Anti-Social” in “Social” Media. In: Rosen, D. (Ed.), The Social Media Debate: Unpacking the Social, Psychological, and Cultural Effects of Social Media. (pp. 38-52). Abingdon, UK: Routledge.

Carmi, E. (2021). Deviant Media: Thinking Beyond Noise to Understand It. In: Groth, S. & Mansell, J. (Eds.), Negotiating Noise: Across Places, Spaces and Disciplines. (pp. 49-55). Lund, Sweden: Sound Environment Centre, University of Lund, Sweden. doi: 10.37852/oblu.115

Yates, S., Carmi, E. ORCID: 0000-0003-1108-2075, Lockley, E. , Wessels, B. & Pawluczuk, A.view all authors (2021). Me and My Big Data: Understanding Citizens Data Literacies - Final report. Liverpool, UK: Nuffield Foundation.

Carmi, E. ORCID: 0000-0003-1108-2075 (2021). A feminist Critique to digital consent. Seminar.net, 17(2), doi: 10.7577/seminar.4291

Abad, N., Ahmed, N., Amponsa-Achiano, K. , Azlan, A., Arcos, R., Ayodele, J., Bechmann, A., Bayer, J., Broniatowski, D., Brooks, I., Bucci, L., Calleja, N., Carmi, E. ORCID: 0000-0003-1108-2075, Centola, D., Chandrasiri, O., Cui, Y., Dommett, K., Donovan, J., Dube, E., Dunn, A., Ecker, U., Espinosa, L., Francois, C., Gao, F., Gesser-Edelsburg, A., Gobat, N., Gomez, A., Gradon, K., Gruzd, A., Herasimenka, A., Ho, B., Humprecht, E., Hurley, C., Indra Astuti, S., Ishizumi, A., Jin, Y., Johnson, N., Kajimoto, M., Koyuncu, A., Kulkarni, S., Li, H., MacCarthy, M., Maddumba, D., Mai, P., Nabarro, D., Nouh, M., Okan, O., Omer, S., Pagliari, C., Park, Ki., Patel, P., Prybylski, D., Qadir, J., Rabbani, A., Rempel, E., Rohan, H., Rubinelli, S., Sacco, P. L., Schaake, M., Sell, T. K., Shibuya, K., Shu, K., Swire-Thompson, B., Talia Moretti, L., Tamir, M., Tangcharoensathien, V., Thacker, N., Tshangela, A., Turner, S., Tworek, H., Vraga, E., Wasserman, H., Whittaker, R., Wilhelm, E., Würz, A., Zhou, L. & Zhou, Y.view all authors (2021). WHO Public Health Research Agenda for Managing Infodemics. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organisation.

Gillespie, T., Aufderheide, P., Carmi, E. , Gerrard, Y., Gorwa, R., Matamoros-Fernández, A., Roberts, S. T., Sinnreich, A. & Myers West, S.view all authors (2020). Expanding the debate about content moderation: Scholarly research agendas for the coming policy debates. Internet Policy Review, 9(4), doi: 10.14763/2020.4.1512

Carmi, E. ORCID: 0000-0003-1108-2075 (2020). Rhythmedia: A Study of Facebook Immune System. Theory, Culture & Society, 37(5), pp. 119-138. doi: 10.1177/0263276420917466

Yates, S. J., Carmi, E., Lockley, E. , Pawluczuk, A., French, T. & Vincent, S.view all authors (2020). Who are the limited users of digital systems and media? An examination of U.K. evidence. First Monday, 25(7), doi: 10.5210/fm.v25i7.10847

Carmi, E., Yates, S. J., Lockley, E. & Pawluczuk, A.view all authors (2020). Data citizenship: rethinking data literacy in the age of disinformation, misinformation, and malinformation. Internet Policy Review, 9(2), doi: 10.14763/2020.2.1481

Carmi, E. & Yates, S. J. (2020). What do digital inclusion and data literacy mean today?. Internet Policy Review, 9(2), doi: 10.14763/2020.2.1474

Carmi, E. ORCID: 0000-0003-1108-2075 (2020). Media Distortions: Understanding the Power Behind Spam, Noise, and Other Deviant MediaThe Digital Formations, 121.. New York: Peter Lang Incorporated.

Carmi, E. ORCID: 0000-0003-1108-2075 (2019). The hidden listeners: regulating the line from telephone operators to content moderators. International Journal of Communication, 13, pp. 440-458.

Carmi, E. ORCID: 0000-0003-1108-2075 (2019). Weaving the Dark Web: Legitimacy on Freenet, Tor, and I2P by Robert Gehl (review). Information and Culture: A Journal of History, 54(2), pp. 245-247.

Sinnreich, A. & Carmi, E. ORCID: 0000-0003-1108-2075 (2019). Introduction and Audio Transcript. International Journal of Communication, 13, pp. 359-382.

Sinnreich, A. & Carmi, E. (2019). Sonic Publics| Introduction and Audio Transcript. International Journal of Communication, 13, pp. 359-382.

Carmi, E. ORCID: 0000-0003-1108-2075 (2017). Review: Cookies - More than Meets the Eye. Theory, Culture and Society, 34(7-8), pp. 277-281. doi: 10.1177/0263276417736367

Birdsall, C. & Carmi, E. Feminist avenues for listening in: amplifying silenced histories of media and communication. Women's History Review, 31(4), pp. 542-560. doi: 10.1080/09612025.2021.1944345