City Research Online

Feasey, N., Ahmad, R. ORCID: 0000-0002-4294-7142, Ashley, E. , Atun, R., Baker, K. S., Chiari, F., van Doorn, H. R., Holmes, A., Jinks, T., Jermy, A., Joshi, J., Kanj, S. S., King, M., Limmathurotsakul, D., Midega, J., Mpundu, M., Nunn, J., Okeke, I. N., Reid, S., Sievert, D., Turner, P., Walia, K. & Peacock, S. J.view all authors (2025). Insights of SEDRIC, the Surveillance and Epidemiology of Drug-Resistant Infections Consortium. Wellcome Open Research, 10, article number 5. doi: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.23494.1

Boyd, S. E., Zhu, N., Whitney, L. , Surya, R., Holmes, A. H. & Ahmad, R. ORCID: 0000-0002-4294-7142view all authors (2024). Online availability of antibiotics from within the UK: shifting patterns from 2016 to 2023. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 79(12), pp. 3191-3198. doi: 10.1093/jac/dkae341

Ahmad, R. ORCID: 0000-0002-4294-7142, Zhu, N., Jain, R. , Joshi, J., Mpundu, M., Gutierrez, P. A., Holmes, A., Weyde, T. ORCID: 0000-0001-8028-9905 & Atun, R.view all authors (2024). Systems Policy Analysis for Antimicrobial Resistance Targeted Action (SPAARTA): A Research Protocol. Wellcome Open Research, 9, article number 700. doi: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.22923.1

Arkell, P., Ketklao, S., Songjaeng, A. , Mairiang, D., Rodriguez-Manzano, J., Georgiou, P., Holmes, A., Ahmad, R. ORCID: 0000-0002-4294-7142, Malasit, P., Avirutnan, P. & Lawpoolsri, S.view all authors (2024). Diagnostics for optimised dengue surveillance: a qualitative focus group study to investigate user experience and requirements in Thailand. BMJ Open, 14(11), article number e085946. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2024-085946

Cocker, D. ORCID: 0000-0002-6670-2713, Birgand, G., Zhu, N. ORCID: 0000-0001-6822-2708 , Rodriguez-Manzano, J., Ahmad, R. ORCID: 0000-0002-4294-7142, Jambo, K., Levin, A. S. & Holmes, A. ORCID: 0000-0001-5554-5743view all authors (2024). Healthcare as a driver, reservoir and amplifier of antimicrobial resistance: opportunities for interventions. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 22(10), pp. 636-649. doi: 10.1038/s41579-024-01076-4

Bonaconsa, C., Nampoothiri, V., Mbamalu, O. , Dlamini, S., Surendran, S., Singh, S. K., Ahmad, R. ORCID: 0000-0002-4294-7142, Holmes, A., Rasheed, M. A., Mendelson, M. & Charani, E.view all authors (2024). Mentorship as an overlooked dimension of research capacity strengthening: how to embed value-driven practices in global health. BMJ Global Health, 9(1), article number e014394. doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2023-014394

Mbamalu, O., Surendran, S., Nampoothiri, V. , Bonaconsa, C., Edathadathil, F., Zhu, N., Carter, V., Lambert, H., Tarrant, C., Ahmad, R. ORCID: 0000-0002-4294-7142, Brink, A., Steenkamp, E., Holmes, A., Singh, S., Charani, E. & Mendelson, M.view all authors (2023). A survey of patient and public perceptions and awareness of SARS-CoV-2-related risks among participants in India and South Africa. PLOS Global Public Health, 3(7), article number e0001078. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0001078

Mbamalu, O., Surendran, S., Nampoothiri, V. , Bonaconsa, C., Edathadathil, F., Zhu, N., Lambert, H., Tarrant, C., Ahmad, R. ORCID: 0000-0002-4294-7142, Boutall, A., Brink, A., Steenkamp, E., Holmes, A., Singh, S., Charani, E. & Mendelson, M.view all authors (2023). Survey of healthcare worker perceptions of changes in infection control and antimicrobial stewardship practices in India and South Africa during the COVID-19 pandemic. IJID Regions, 6, pp. 90-98. doi: 10.1016/j.ijregi.2022.11.010

Charani, E., Mendelson, M., Pallett, S. J. C. , Ahmad, R. ORCID: 0000-0002-4294-7142, Mpundu, M., Mbamalu, O., Bonaconsa, C., Nampoothiri, V., Singh, S., Peiffer-Smadja, N., Anton-Vazquez, V., Moore, L. S. P., Schouten, J., Kostyanev, T., Vlahović-Palčevski, V., Kofteridis, D., Corrêa, J. S. & Holmes, A. H.view all authors (2023). An analysis of existing national action plans for antimicrobial resistance-gaps and opportunities in strategies optimising antibiotic use in human populations. The Lancet Global Health, 11(3), e466-e474. doi: 10.1016/s2214-109x(23)00019-0

Birgand, G., Charani, E., Ahmad, R. ORCID: 0000-0002-4294-7142 , Bonaconsa, C., Mbamalu, O., Nampoothiri, V., Surendran, S., Weiser, T. G., Holmes, A., Mendelson, M. & Singh, S.view all authors (2022). Interventional research to tackle antimicrobial resistance in Low Middle Income Countries in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic: lessons in resilience from an international consortium. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 117, pp. 174-178. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.02.013

Nampoothiri, V., Bonaconsa, C., Surendran, S. , Mbamalu, O., Nambatya, W., Ahabwe Babigumira, P., Castro-Sanchez, E. ORCID: 0000-0002-3351-9496, Ahmad, R. ORCID: 0000-0002-4294-7142, Broom, A., Szymczak, J., Zingg, W., Gilchrist, M., Holmes, A. H., Mendelson, M., Singh, S., McLeod, M. & Charani, E.view all authors (2022). What does antimicrobial stewardship look like where you are? Global narratives from participants in a Massive Open Online Course. JAC-Antimicrobial Resistance, 4(1), article number dlab186. doi: 10.1093/jacamr/dlab186

Drobniewski, F., Kusuma, D., Broda, A. , Castro-Sánchez, E. & Ahmad, R. ORCID: 0000-0002-4294-7142view all authors (2022). COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy in Diverse Groups in the UK—Is the Driver Economic or Cultural in Student Populations. Vaccines, 10(4), article number 501. doi: 10.3390/vaccines10040501

Jadeja, N., Zhu, N. J., Lebcir, R. M. , Sassi, F., Holmes, A. & Ahmad, R. ORCID: 0000-0002-4294-7142view all authors (2022). Using system dynamics modelling to assess the economic efficiency of innovations in the public sector - a systematic review. PLoS One, 17(2), article number e0263299. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263299

Singh, S., Mendelson, M., Surendran, S. , Bonaconsa, C., Mbamalu, O., Nampoothiri, V., Boutall, A., Hampton, M., Dhar, P., Pennel, T., Tarrant, C., Leather, A., Holmes, A., Charani, E., Ahmad, R. ORCID: 0000-0002-4294-7142, Castro-Sanchez, E. ORCID: 0000-0002-3351-9496, Birgand, G., Ndoli, J., Sassi, F., Sevdalis, N., Moonesinghe, S. R., Lebcir, R. & Ferlie, E.view all authors (2021). Investigating infection management and antimicrobial stewardship in surgery: a qualitative study from India and South Africa. Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 27(10), pp. 1455-1464. doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.12.013

Zhu, N. J., McLeod, M., McNulty, C. A. M. , Lecky, D. M., Holmes, A. H. & Ahmad, R. ORCID: 0000-0002-4294-7142view all authors (2021). Trends in Antibiotic Prescribing in Out-of-Hours Primary Care in England from January 2016 to June 2020 to Understand Behaviours during the First Wave of COVID-19. Antibiotics, 10(1), article number 32. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics10010032

Zhu, N., Ferlie, E., Castro-Sanchez, E. ORCID: 0000-0002-3351-9496 , Birgand, G., Holmes, A. H., Atun, R. A., Kieltyka, H. & Ahmad, R. ORCID: 0000-0002-4294-7142view all authors (2021). Macro level factors influencing strategic responses to emergent pandemics: a scoping review. Journal of Global Health, 11, pp. 1-16. doi: 10.7189/jogh.11.05012

Ahmad, R. ORCID: 0000-0002-4294-7142, Atun, R. A., Birgand, G. , Castro-Sanchez, E. ORCID: 0000-0002-3351-9496, Charani, E., Ferlie, E., Hussain, I., Kambugu, A., Labarca, J., McKee, M., Mendelson, M., Singh, S., Varma, J., Zhu, N., Zingg, W. & Holmes, A. H.view all authors (2021). Macro level influences on strategic responses to the COVID-19 pandemic – an international survey and tool for national assessments. Journal of Global Health, 11, pp. 1-11. doi: 10.7189/jogh.11.05011

Charani, E., McKee, M., Ahmad, R. ORCID: 0000-0002-4294-7142 , Balasegaram, M., Bonaconsa, C., Buckland Merrett, G., Busse, R., Carter, V., Castro-Sanchez, E. ORCID: 0000-0002-3351-9496, Franklin, B. D., Georgiou, P., Hill-Cawthorne, K., Hope, W., Imanaka, Y., Kambugu, A., Leather, A., Mbamalu, O., McLeod, M., Mendelson, M., Mpundu, M., Rawson, T. M., Ricciardi, W., Rodriguez-Manzano, J., Singh, S., Tsioutis, C., Uchea, C., Zhu, N. & Holmes, A. H.view all authors (2021). Optimising antimicrobial use in humans – review of current evidence and an interdisciplinary consensus on key priorities for research. Lancet Regional Health Europe, 7, article number 100161. doi: 10.1016/j.lanepe.2021.100161

Naylor, N., Yamashita, K., Iwami, M. , Kunisawa, S., Mizuno, S., Castro-Sanchez, E. ORCID: 0000-0002-3351-9496, Imanaka, Y., Ahmad, R. ORCID: 0000-0002-4294-7142 & Holmes, A.view all authors (2020). Code-sharing in Cost-of-illness Calculations: An Application to Antibiotic-Resistant Bloodstream Infections. Frontiers in Public Health, 8, article number 562427. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.562427

Peiffer-Smadja, N., Allison, R., Jones, L. F. , Holmes, A., Patel, P., Lecky, D. M., Ahmad, R. ORCID: 0000-0002-4294-7142 & McNulty, C. A. M.view all authors (2020). Preventing and Managing Urinary Tract Infections: Enhancing the Role of Community Pharmacists-A Mixed Methods Study. Antibiotics, 9(9), article number 583. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics9090583

Veepanattu, P., Singh, S., Mendelson, M. , Nampoothiri, V., Edathadatil, F., Surendran, S., Bonaconsa, C., Mbamalu, O., Ahuja, S., Birgand, G., Tarrant, C., Sevdalis, N., Castro-Sanchez, E. ORCID: 0000-0002-3351-9496, Ahmad, R. ORCID: 0000-0002-4294-7142, Holmes, A. & Charani, E.view all authors (2020). Building resilient and responsive research collaborations to tackle antimicrobial resistance – lessons learnt from India, South Africa and UK. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 100, pp. 278-282. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.08.057

Zhu, N. J., Ahmad, R. ORCID: 0000-0002-4294-7142, Holmes, A. , Robotham, J. V., Lebcir, R. & Atun, R. A.view all authors (2020). System dynamics modelling to formulate policy interventions to optimise antibiotic prescribing in hospitals. Journal of the Operational Research Society, 72(11), pp. 2490-2502. doi: 10.1080/01605682.2020.1796537

Peiffer-Smadja, N., Poda, A., Ouedraogo, A-S. , Guiard-Schmid, J-B., Delory, T., Le Bel, J., Bouvet, E., Lariven, S., Jeanmougin, P., Ahmad, R. ORCID: 0000-0002-4294-7142 & Lescure, F-X.view all authors (2020). Paving the Way for the Implementation of a Decision Support System for Antibiotic Prescribing in Primary Care in West Africa: Preimplementation and Co-Design Workshop With Physicians.. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 22(7), article number e17940. doi: 10.2196/17940

Birgand, G., Mutters, N. T., Ahmad, R. ORCID: 0000-0002-4294-7142 , Tacconelli, E., Lucet, J. & Holmes, A.view all authors (2020). Risk perception of antimicrobial resistance by infection control specialists in Europe: a case-vignette study. Antimicrobial Resistance & Infection Control, 9(1), article number 33. doi: 10.1186/s13756-020-0695-z

Castro-Sanchez, E. ORCID: 0000-0002-3351-9496, Gilchrist, M., Ahmad, R. ORCID: 0000-0002-4294-7142 , Courtenay, M., Bosanquet, J. & Holmes, A. H.view all authors (2019). Nurse roles in antimicrobial stewardship: lessons from public sectors models of acute care service delivery in the United Kingdom.. Antimicrobial Resistance & Infection Control, 8(1), article number 162. doi: 10.1186/s13756-019-0621-4

Ahmad, R. ORCID: 0000-0002-4294-7142, Zhu, N. J., Leather, A. J. M. , Holmes, A. & Ferlie, E.view all authors (2019). Strengthening strategic management approaches to address antimicrobial resistance in global human health: a scoping review. BMJ Global Health, 4(5), article number e001730. doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2019-001730

Charani, E., Ahmad, R. ORCID: 0000-0002-4294-7142, Rawson, T. M. , Castro-Sanchèz, E., Tarrant, C. & Holmes, A. H.view all authors (2019). The Differences in Antibiotic Decision-making Between Acute Surgical and Acute Medical Teams: An Ethnographic Study of Culture and Team Dynamics. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 69(1), pp. 12-20. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciy844

Zingg, W., Storr, J., Park, B. J. , Ahmad, R. ORCID: 0000-0002-4294-7142, Tarrant, C., Castro-Sanchez, E., Tomczyk, S., Kilpatrick, C., Allegranzi, B., Cardo, D. & Pittet, D.view all authors (2019). Implementation research for the prevention of antimicrobial resistance and healthcare-associated infections; 2017 Geneva infection prevention and control (IPC)-think tank (part 1). Antimicrobial Resistance & Infection Control, 8(1), article number 87. doi: 10.1186/s13756-019-0527-1

Zingg, W., Park, B. J., Storr, J. , Ahmad, R. ORCID: 0000-0002-4294-7142, Tarrant, C., Castro-Sanchez, E. ORCID: 0000-0002-3351-9496, Perencevich, E., Widmer, A., Krause, K-H., Kilpatrick, C., Tomczyk, S., Allegranzi, B., Cardo, D., Pittet, D., Abbas, M., Andremont, A., Bell, M., Borg, M., Carmeli, Y., Conly, J., Eggimann, P., Gastmeier, P., Grayson, M. L., Harbarth, S., Hernandez, M., Herwaldt, L., Holmes, A., Jernigan, J. A., Kolwaite, A., Larson, E., Masson-Roy, S., Mehtar, S., Mendelson, M., Lin, L. M., Moldovan, A., Monnet, D., Ndoye, B., Nthumba, P., Ogunsola, F., Samore, M., Seto, W. H., Srinivasan, A., Tacconelli, E., Talaat, M., Villegas, M. V., Voss, A. & Walsh, T.view all authors (2019). Technology for the prevention of antimicrobial resistance and healthcare-associated infections; 2017 Geneva IPC-Think Tank (Part 2).. Antimicrobial Resistance & Infection Control, 8(1), article number 83. doi: 10.1186/s13756-019-0538-y

Zingg, W;, Storr, J., Park, B. J. , Jernigan, J. A., Harbarth, S., Grayson, M. L., Tacconelli, E., Allegranzi, B., Cardo, D., Pittet, D., Abbas, M., Ahmad, R. ORCID: 0000-0002-4294-7142, Andremont, A., Bell, M., Borg, M., Carmeli, Y., Castro-Sanchez, E. ORCID: 0000-0002-3351-9496, Conly, J., Eggimann, P., Gastmeier, P., Hernandez, M., Herwaldt, L., Holmes, A., Kilpatrick, C., Kolwaite, A., Krause, K. H., Larson, E., Masson-Roy, S., Mehtar, S., Mendelson, M., Lin, L. M., Modovan, A., Monnet, D., Ndoye, B., Nthumba, P., Ogunsola, F., Perencevich, E., Samore, M., Seto, W. H., Srinivasan, A., Tarrant, C., Tomczyk, S., Talaat, M., Villegas, M. V., Voss, A., Walsh, T. & Widmer, A.view all authors (2019). Broadening the infection prevention and control network globally; 2017 Geneva IPC-think tank (part 3).. Antimicrobial Resistance & Infection Control, 8(1), article number 74. doi: 10.1186/s13756-019-0528-0

Ahmad, R. ORCID: 0000-0002-4294-7142, Zhu, N. J., Lebcir, R. M. & Atun, R. A.view all authors (2019). How the health-seeking behaviour of pregnant women affects neonatal outcomes: findings of system dynamics modelling in Pakistan. BMJ Global Health, 4(2), article number e001242. doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2018-001242

McLeod, M., Ahmad, R. ORCID: 0000-0002-4294-7142, Shebl, N. A. , Micallef, C., Sim, F. & Holmes, A.view all authors (2019). A whole-health-economy approach to antimicrobial stewardship: Analysis of current models and future direction.. PLoS Med, 16(3), article number e1002774. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002774

Charani, E., Smith, I., Skodvin, B. , Perozziello, A., Lucet, J-C., Lescure, F-X., Birgand, G., Poda, A., Ahmad, R. ORCID: 0000-0002-4294-7142, Singh, S. & Holmes, A. H.view all authors (2019). Investigating the cultural and contextual determinants of antimicrobial stewardship programmes across low-, middle- and high-income countries—A qualitative study. PLOS ONE, 14(1), article number e0209847. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209847

Birgand, G., Castro-Sanchez, E., Hansen, S. , Gastmeier, P., Lucet, J-C., Ferlie, E., Holmes, A. & Ahmad, R. ORCID: 0000-0002-4294-7142view all authors (2018). Comparison of governance approaches for the control of antimicrobial resistance: Analysis of three European countries. Antimicrobial Resistance & Infection Control, 7(1), article number 28. doi: 10.1186/s13756-018-0321-5

Ashiru-Oredope, D., Doble, A., Akpan, M. , Hansraj, S., Shebl, N., Ahmad, R. ORCID: 0000-0002-4294-7142 & Hopkins, S.view all authors (2018). Antimicrobial Stewardship Programmes in Community Healthcare Organisations in England: A Cross-Sectional Survey to Assess Implementation of Programmes and National Toolkits. Antibiotics, 7(4), article number 97. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics7040097

Alividza, V., Mariano, V., Ahmad, R. ORCID: 0000-0002-4294-7142 , Charani, E., Rawson, T. M., Holmes, A. H. & Castro-Sánchez, E.view all authors (2018). Investigating the impact of poverty on colonization and infection with drug-resistant organisms in humans: a systematic review. Infectious Diseases of Poverty, 7(1), article number 76. doi: 10.1186/s40249-018-0459-7

Rawson, T. M., Moore, L. S. P., Castro-Sanchez, E. ORCID: 0000-0002-3351-9496 , Charani, E., Hernandez, B., Alividza, V., Husson, F., Toumazou, C., Ahmad, R. ORCID: 0000-0002-4294-7142, Georgiou, P. & Holmes, A.H.view all authors (2018). Development of a patient-centred intervention to improve knowledge and understanding of antibiotic therapy in secondary care.. Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control, 7(1), article number 43. doi: 10.1186/s13756-018-0333-1

Rawson, T. M., Castro-Sánchez, E., Charani, E. , Husson, F., Moore, L. S. P., Holmes, A. H. & Ahmad, R. ORCID: 0000-0002-4294-7142view all authors (2018). Involving citizens in priority setting for public health research: Implementation in infection research. Health Expectations, 21(1), pp. 222-229. doi: 10.1111/hex.12604

Naylor, N. R., Zhu, N., Hulscher, M. , Holmes, A., Ahmad, R. ORCID: 0000-0002-4294-7142 & Robotham, J. V.view all authors (2017). Is antimicrobial stewardship cost-effective? A narrative review of the evidence. Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 23(11), pp. 806-811. doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2017.06.011

Charani, E., Ahmad, R. ORCID: 0000-0002-4294-7142, Tarrant, C. , Birgand, G., Leather, A., Mendelson, M., Moonesinghe, S. R., Sevdalis, N., Singh, S. & Holmes, A.view all authors (2017). Opportunities for system level improvement in antibiotic use across the surgical pathway. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 60, pp. 29-34. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2017.04.020

Iwami, M., Ahmad, R. ORCID: 0000-0002-4294-7142, Castro-Sánchez, E. , Birgand, G., Johnson, A. P. & Holmes, A.view all authors (2017). Capacity of English NHS hospitals to monitor quality in infection prevention and control using a new European framework: a multilevel qualitative analysis. BMJ Open, 7(1), article number e012520. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-012520

Lebcir, R., Demir, E., Ahmad, R. ORCID: 0000-0002-4294-7142 , Vasilakis, C. & Southern, D.view all authors (2017). A discrete event simulation model to evaluate the use of community services in the treatment of patients with Parkinson's disease in the United Kingdom.. BMC Health Services Research, 17(1), pp. 1-14. doi: 10.1186/s12913-017-1994-9

Rawson, T. M., Moore, L. S. P., Hernandez, B. , Castro-Sanchez, E. ORCID: 0000-0002-3351-9496, Charani, E., Georgiou, P., Ahmad, R. ORCID: 0000-0002-4294-7142 & Holmes, A. H.view all authors (2016). Patient engagement with infection management in secondary care: a qualitative investigation of current experiences.. BMJ Open, 6(10), article number e011040. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-011040

Rawson, T. M., Moore, L. S. P., Hernandez, B. , Castro-Sanchez, E. ORCID: 0000-0002-3351-9496, Charani, E., Ahmad, R. ORCID: 0000-0002-4294-7142 & Holmes, A. H.view all authors (2016). Missed opportunities for shared decision making in antimicrobial stewardship: The potential consequences of a lack of patient engagement in secondary care. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 45(S1), pp. 122-123. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2016.02.306